Check How Long A Bash Script Takes to Run With Time Command

This is a simple command that measures… you guessed it, time. It is not a clock application, though. It measures the time taken in running a program or script.

christopher@linuxhandbook:~$ time ./script.sh
real 0m12.010s
user 0m0.004s
sys 0m0.006s

I’ll explain the time command and its output in a minute.

There are a few different versions of the time utility. Here we will be looking at the Bash version, since this is the one you’re most likely to encounter on your system. There is also a Zsh version and a GNU version.

Let’s avoid confusion and verify your version now.

christopher@linuxhandbook:~$ type time
time is a shell keyword

If your output looks like this, that’s perfect. That means that you are using bash. The command performs the same task in all its iterations, so if you’re not using bash, fear not, you will still be able to understand what is happening. However, it may look quite different.

Using time command

Time command measures the following:

• real time: total time elapsed
• user: OS processing in user Mode
• sys: OS processing in kernel mode

It can be used with any command or piped commands.

Time with a text-based application

Let’s look at an example with nano. Nano is a terminal based text editor. If I start nano and then promptly exit through the application (Ctrl+X), the output will look like this:

time nano
real    0m1.465s
user    0m0.031s
sys        0m0.006s

Time with a GUI application

This also works with a GUI application. The output will be returned once the application is exited normally or if an interrupt (CTRL+C) is input at the terminal.

time firefox
real    0m6.784s
user    0m4.962s
sys        0m0.459s

Traditional GNU Version

As I touched on before, most Linux users run Bash, which essentially uses a shortcut to create human readable content. You can run the full GNU version by using the escape character \. This will bypass the built-in shortcut.

This time I will just use sleep command to create a dummy job. The number is the duration in seconds. You will also see this reflected in the output’s real time.

Note that because it is a dummy task, there is no actual resource time devoted to it.

christopher@linuxhandbook:~$ \time sleep 3
0.00user 0.00system 0:03.00elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 1944maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+75minor)pagefaults 0swaps

This output is a little more difficult to read but it also shares some information about RAM usage that you might find helpful.

GNU Time -p = (bash) time

The output that you normally see with the bash version is kind of like an alias to GNU time run with the -p option.

christopher@linuxhandbook:~$ \time -p sleep 3
real 3.00
user 0.00
sys 0.00

As you can see this gives us the same output as if we had run it with the bash shortcut.

Put a Timer on Running Commands With Timeout Command in Linux

With the timeout command you can set a time limit on running other commands and programs. If the program runs longer than the set limit, timeout kills it. Learn how to use it.

Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash

Conclusion

Did you enjoy our guide to the time command? I hope all of these tips taught you something new.

If you like this guide, please share it on social media. If you have any comments or questions, leave them below. If you have any suggestions for topics you’d like to see covered, feel free to leave those as well. Thanks for reading.