# Linux Handbook
> An independent, reader-supported publication focusing on Linux Command Line, Server, Self-hosting, DevOps and Cloud Learning
Public Ghost content for AI and LLM tooling. Use `/llms-full.txt` for consolidated page and post context.
Append `.md` to any post or page URL to get the content in Markdown (for example, `/example-post.md`).

## Pages
- [About](https://linuxhandbook.com/about.md) - Learn Linux and DevOps with easy to follow tutorials, books, videos and workbooks.
- [Authors](https://linuxhandbook.com/authors.md)
- [Latest Tutorials](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog.md)
- [Chmod Calculator: Calculate Linux File Permissions](https://linuxhandbook.com/chmod-calculator.md) - This nifty online chmod calculator lets you calculate the file permissions in absolute and symbolic modes in a few clicks.
- [Using Linux Command Line](https://linuxhandbook.com/command-line.md) - The power of Linux lies in the terminal. The more you use it, the more 'power' you feel. This is a collection of various things you can do in the Linux command line. They have been divided into categories so that it is easier for you to follow.
- [Contact Us](https://linuxhandbook.com/contact.md) - Feel free to reach out to us if you have any questions.
- [ebooks by Linux Handbook](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks-temp.md) - At Linux Handbook, we have published several eBooks to enable you to learn a certain topic at your own comfortable pace. We offer the following ebooks to our Pro members for free while individuals can buy them from Gumroad: * Learn Linux Quickly ($9) * Learn Ansible Quickly ($15) * Learn Bash Quick…
- [File Management Commands in Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/file-commands-guide.md) - Once you have a little bit of idea about the terminal, Linux command structure, path and directory hierarchy system, you should know about handling files in Linux. As a Linux user, you have to deal with all kinds of files and all kinds of file operations. You should know how to display the contents…
- [Basic Linux Commands You Should Know](https://linuxhandbook.com/linux-commands.md) - An organized list of essential Linux commands with their examples. You can use it to start learning Linux command line or use it as reference for future usage.
- [Mbps to MB/s Converter](https://linuxhandbook.com/mbps-mbs-converter.md) - Mbps and MBps are not the same. Mbps is for network speed and MBps is for file transfer speed. Use this simple tool to convert between Mbps and MBps.
- [Linux Handbook Pro Membership Benefit: Premium Resources Available for Free](https://linuxhandbook.com/member-resources.md) - You get exclusive benefits for being a sudo or root member of Linux Handbook. Here are the ebooks available for free to the pro members.
- [Welcome to the club :)](https://linuxhandbook.com/member-welcome.md) - You made an awesome decision to become a member of Linux Handbook (LHB). Here’s what you get as an LHB Member: Newsletter: You’ll receive our LHB Linux Digest newsletter 2 times a month directly in your inbox. The newsletter is loved by our members for its useful content. You get a mix of basic and…
- [Membership FAQ](https://linuxhandbook.com/membership-faq.md) - Got questions about membership, resources access and downloads, payment methods and more? Here are the answers.
- [Membership](https://linuxhandbook.com/membership.md)
- [Newsletters](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletters.md) - Love Linux? So do we. That’s why we created the LHB Linux Digest—a weekly newsletter for people who want to: * Discover the latest Linux tools 🛠️ * Learn practical tips and tutorials 💡 * Keep up with the open-source world 🌍 If that sounds like you, joining our newsletter and let’s geek out toget…
- [Privacy Policy](https://linuxhandbook.com/privacy-policy.md) - At Linux Handbook, we take data privacy seriously, very seriously! Our website runs on HTTPS which means your connection to our website is secure. We do show ads in partnership with BuySellAds. We use Cove for providing the commenting system. Only members (both normal and sudo members) can leave co…
- [You just joined our "sudo" group](https://linuxhandbook.com/pro-member-welcome.md) - Which means you can access more stuff than a regular member :) I'm excited to see you've joined the Linux Handbook Pro membership! You get a clean reading and learning experience without pop-ups and annoying tracking ads. That's not the only advantage you get as LHB Pro member. You also get to down…
- [Support](https://linuxhandbook.com/support.md) - Please read the membership FAQ for commonly asked questions. If you still have any questions, please feel free to fill the form below. You can also reach us: High on Cloud Services Pvt Ltd SA 14/96-55, Sarangnath Colony, Sarnath Varanasi, 221007 Uttar Pradesh, India
- [Tags](https://linuxhandbook.com/tags.md)
- [Write for Us](https://linuxhandbook.com/write-for-us.md) - Interested in contributing to Linux Handbook? Here are the details.

## Posts
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.09: Docker Compose Override, Claude Skills for DevOps, Solidtime and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-09-2.md) - Override the compose
- [8 Claude Skills I Use Everyday as a DevOps Engineer](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/devops-engineer-claude-skills.md) - Sharing the skills I use for troubleshooting and other purposes as a devops engineer. They are primarily for Claude but should work with other AI tools, too.
- [Why GitOps is Not Just CI/CD](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/gitops/gitops-is-not-just-ci-cd.md)
- [GitOps vs Traditional DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/gitops/gitops-vs-traditional-devops.md)
- [What GitOps Really Is](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/gitops/what-is-gitops.md)
- [GitOps Handbook](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/gitops.md) - Learn GitOps with ArgoCD in this hands-on course. Go from Kubernetes deployment basics to safe, production-grade rollouts.
- [Git Pull Kept Failing on My Ghost Server. Docker Compose Override Fixed It](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/docker-compose-override-trick-ghost.md) - Modifying your docker-compose.yml directly and now git pull throws a "local changes would be overwritten" error? Use a compose.override.yml file to keep your changes separate from the file Ghost's repo manages.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.08: Two Kernel Bugs You Need to Know, SSH Tunneling, and AI Pentesting](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-09.md) - Imagine you could automate pentesting with a bunch of AI agents.
- [SSH Tunneling: How I Securely Access Anything From Anywhere](https://linuxhandbook.com/ssh-tunneling.md) - By default, you can only ssh into other machines on your local network. With SSH tunneling, remote connections are made possible.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.08: Knowledge Base Boosting, Local AI, Terminal Course, Podman 6.0 and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-08.md) - Create your perosnal knoweldge base, if you have not already.
- [I Used a Local AI Tool To Organize My Files and Folders](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/ai-file-sorter.md) - My folders, specially the download folder is a mess. This little AI tool helped me sort them.
- [11 Self-Hosted Knowledge Base Tools (For Individuals and Teams)](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/self-hosted-knowledge-base-tools.md) - Take control of your notes and convert them into a proper knowledgebase. I discuss various tools for specific needs.
- [How I Set Up AI Agent to Access My Kanban Task Board](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/zeroclaw-ai-with-fizzy-automation.md) - Life becomes easier when I can ask my AI assistant to create and manage my Kanban task board. Here's the set up I use.
- [How I Supercharged My Personal Knowledge Base with Local AI](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/personal-knowledge-base-with-local-ai.md) - Local notes. Local AI. Combine them and you have your own personal AI that answers based on your notes.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.07: New ELK Stack Course, Linux in Browser, Best YouTube Channels for DevOps and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-07.md) - ELK Stack course is here.
- [13 YouTube Channels I Recommend For Learning DevOps for Free](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/devops-learn-youtube-channels.md) - Learning is free if you just look for the right resources. From the noise, I have filtered the best YouTube channels that will help you learn DevOps for free.
- [Module 5 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-module5-practice-lab.md)
- [Module 4 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-module4-practice-lab.md)
- [Kibana for Debugging & Exploration](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/kibana-debugging-exploration.md)
- [Security Basics](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/security-basics.md)
- [ML Integration](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/ml-integration.md)
- [Scaling OpenSearch](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/scaling-opensearch.md)
- [Visualizations with Kibana](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/kibana-visualization.md)
- [Kibana Basics](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/kibana-basics.md)
- [Module 3 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-module3-practice-lab.md)
- [Searching & Query DSL](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/searching-query-dsl.md)
- [Indexing & Mapping](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/indexing-mapping.md)
- [Why OpenSearch?](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/why-opensearch.md)
- [Module 2 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-module2-practice-lab.md)
- [Parsing & Enriching Logs](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/parsing-enriching-logs.md)
- [Logstash Fundamentals](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/logstash-fundamentals.md)
- [Module 1 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-module1-practice-lab.md)
- [Your First OpenSearch Setup](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/opensearch-setup.md)
- [ELK Stack Architecture](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-stack-architecture.md)
- [Introduction to ELK Stack](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch/elk-stack-intro.md)
- [The ELK Stack Handbook (With OpenSearch)](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/opensearch.md) - Stop SSH-ing into servers at 2 AM. Learn to centralize, search, and visualize logs across your entire infrastructure using fully open-source tools.
- [I Stopped Using VMs for Demos, and I Run Linux in the Browser Now](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/webtop-instead-of-vms.md) - Get a full Linux desktop experience inside a web browser, all thanks to containerization.
- [This Self-hosted App Saved me $10 a Month](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/shlink-review.md) - Once you start self-hosting, you start saving money.
- [I Tried Self-Hosting This Authentication Project from CNCF (And It Was a Humbling Experience)](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/keycloak-experiment.md) - I found setting up Keycloak challengeing. It was a good challenge and a learning experience that I share with you.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.06: DIY Linux Learning Labs, Docker Tools, Drone Logs and More Linux Stuff](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-06.md) - Lab is the differentiator.
- [Building an Automated Image Optimization Pipeline](https://linuxhandbook.com/labs/automated-image-optimization.md) - In this lab, you'll build an automated process that watches a folder for new images and automatically optimizes them.
- [Watchtower Discontinued! Here Are Alternative Projects for Your Docker Containers](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/watchtower-like-docker-tools.md) - Watchtower was the goto tool for keeping the containers updated timely. It's not developed anymore. I explored a few alternatives.
- [I Like This Fuzzy Search Finder Better Than Find Command in Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/fzf-command.md) - fzf is an interactive fuzzy finder for Linux that makes navigating files, command history, and directories faster and easier than the find command.
- [These 11 Open Source Tools Completely Improved My Docker Workflow](https://linuxhandbook.com/blog/docker-workflow-tools.md) - I tested dozens of Docker tools in my life so far. These 11 open source picks actually improved my workflow. Make Docker easier, faster, and more efficient.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.05: New Advanced Docker Course, pingtrace, File Descriptors and More Linux Stuff](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-05.md) - New month, new course!
- [Module 5 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/m5-practice-lab.md) - Let's put learning into practice with this lab, for the final time.
- [Service Discovery & Internal DNS](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/internal-dns.md) - Learn how containers find and communicate with each other using service discovery mechanisms.
- [Macvlan & IPvlan](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/macvlan-ipvlan.md) - Understand advanced Docker networking options like Macvlan and IPvlan that allow containers to appear as devices on the physical network.
- [Multi-Host Networking](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/multi-host-networking.md) - This chapter introduces networking models used in distributed container environments.
- [Module 4 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/m4-practice-lab.md) - Let's put learning into practice with this lab.
- [Container Security Tools](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/container-security-tools.md) - Explore some tools used for container security scanning, runtime protection, and vulnerability detection.
- [Best Practices to Secure Containers](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/best-practices-secure-containers.md) - Learn practical strategies for securing container environments.
- [Container Security](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/container-security.md) - Understand the fundamental security model of containers.
- [Module 3 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/m3-practice-lab.md) - Let's put learning into practice with this lab.
- [Debugging Container Networking](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/debug-container-networking.md) - Container networking issues can be difficult to trace. Here are some ppractical methods for troubleshooting networking problems between containers and host.
- [Internal Observability](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/internal-observability.md) - Understand how to inspect and debug containers from within.
- [External Observability](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/external-observability.md) - This chapter explores logging, metrics, and system-level monitoring approaches for understanding container behavior.
- [Module 2 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/m2-practice-lab.md) - Let's put learning into practice with this lab.
- [Image Optimization Techniques](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/image-optimization.md) - Learn techniques for creating smaller and more efficient Docker images.
- [Using Multi-Stage Builds](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/multi-stage-builds.md) - Discover how multi-stage builds help reduce image size and improve efficiency.
- [Why Docker Images Become Bulky](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/why-docker-images-become-bulky.md) - Learn how Docker images are built and why they often become unnecessarily large.
- [Module 1 Practice Lab](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/m1-practice-lab.md) - Let's put learning into practice with this lab.
- [Network and Device Controllers](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/network-device-controllers.md) - Now we will see how the networking and the device resource limits are made possible using the network and device controllers.
- [Cgroups and Resource Control](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/cgroups-resource-control-2.md) - Containers share the same kernel, so controlling resource usage is critical. This chapter shows how cgroups manage CPU, memory, and other system resources to prevent containers from affecting the entire system.
- [Hostnames, IPC & User Isolation](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/user-isolation.md) - Learn hostname separation, inter-process communication (IPC) namespaces, and user namespaces for improved isolation and security.
- [Introduction to Namespaces](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up/namespaces-intro.md) - Understand what containers really are and how Linux namespaces isolate processes which is the fundamental mechanism that allows containers to run independently on the same host.
- [Docker Level Up](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker-level-up.md) - Level up your Docker skills. Learn container internals, networking, image optimization, observability, and security in this practical course.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.04: git chaneglog, hard links and inodes, self-hosting tools and more](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-04.md) - Self-hosting is the way to go.
- [OneURL: An Open-Source Linktree Alternative You Can Self-host](https://linuxhandbook.com/apps/oneurl.md) - OneURL delivers on its core promise: one URL, all your links, with better analytics than Linktree's free tier and the freedom to self-host.
- [NoteDiscovery: A Self-Hosted Notes Hub to Build Your Private Knowledge Base](https://linuxhandbook.com/apps/notediscovery.md) - In an era where note-taking apps lock you into subscriptions and cloud ecosystems, NoteDiscovery offers a refreshing alternative, complete control over your data, zero cost, and a beautiful interface.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.03: Docker Labs, LLVM Debugging, 3-2-1 Backups and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-03.md) - Docker course got enhanced.
- [How I Set Up a 3-2-1 Backup for My Linux Servers](https://linuxhandbook.com/3-2-1-backup-strategy.md) - A practical, real-world approach I use for setting up the famed 3-2-1 backup strategy for the Linux servers I manage.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.02: New Course, Exclude GitHub, SSH Tips and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-02.md) - New month, new course :)
- [Lab Part 3: Git Commit Challenge](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/lab-git-commit.md) - Before we end this course, why don't you enhance the gogit by adding commit feature in it? You have to do it yourself. That's the challenge.
- [Lab Part 2: Gogit Add Command](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/lab-gogit-add.md) - Let's make next git functionality in git which is to add files.
- [Lab Part 1: Go Init Command](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/go-init-command.md) - Let's make a command that initializes a git repository. We call it Go init command.
- [DIY Project: Building Git with Go](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/gogit-project.md) - Let's turn theory into practice by building a git-like CLI tool in Go.
- [Chapter 16: Range Keyword](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/range-keyword.md) - You'll be using range the most while dealing with loops.
- [Chapter 15: Loops in Golang](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/loops-go.md) - Just like if statements, loops are another important concept. You cannot do much in a program without using loops. Loops basically allow you to repeat a block of code for a defined number of times instead of doing it manually.
- [Chapter 14: If Else Conditions](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/if-else-go.md) - Condition making and loops are some of the most critical parts of any programming language, not only in Golang. Let’s start with conditions in Go.
- [Chapter 13: Append to a Slice](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/append-slice.md) - Slices and arrays are not the same. Let's learn it clearly.
- [Chapter 12: Slices](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/slices.md) - Slices solve the problem of array size.
- [Chapter 11: Access Array Elements](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/access-array.md) - Now that you have learned how to create an array, it’s time to learn how to access a specific element in an array.
- [Chapter 10: Arrays in Golang](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/arrays-go.md) - Like most programming languages, Go also have arrays.
- [Chapter 9: Variadic Functions](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/variadic-functions.md) - This special function in Go gives you more power...
- [Chapter 8: Multiple Return](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/function-multiple-return.md) - In Go, your function can have multiple returns.
- [Chapter 7: Functions in Golang](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/go-functions.md) - Good coder codes, great coder reuses.
- [Chapter 6: Slicing Strings](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/slicing-strings.md) - Another interesting concept in Go that you will see and use often is the concept of slicing.
- [Chapter 5: Working with Strings](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/working-with-strings.md) - String is an important data type in programming languages in general, and in Golang there is a specific Go package called strings which offers a bunch of functions to work with and manipulate strings.
- [Chapter 4: Variables and Datatypes](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/variables-datatypes.md) - Let’s start learning some basics of the Go language syntax and how things are created.
- [Chapter 3: First Golang Project](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/first-golang-project.md) - With Go installed, you are ready to start writing your first Golang project.
- [Chapter 2: Setting Up Golang](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/setting-up-go.md) - Now you are ready to get your hands dirty and touch some Golang code, but first you need to install and set up Golang in order to run it on your machine. For this, you will need to install Golang.
- [Chapter 1: What is Golang?](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang/what-is-golang.md) - Go is modular, and everything can be divided into modules, with a rich standard library that provides almost everything you need out of the box, which makes it a robust and productive language.
- [Essential Golang for DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/golang.md) - Learn Golang the way DevOps engineers actually use it — by building real tools, not toy examples.
- [Why GitHub? Here's How I Push Git Repositories Straight to My Linux Server](https://linuxhandbook.com/push-git-repositories-straight-linux-server.md) - Git already gives you distributed version control, secure transport, hooks, branching, and collaboration. SSH fills in the rest with authentication, authorization, and auditing.
- [Setting Up Free WAF for Homelab With SafeLine](https://linuxhandbook.com/safeline-waf-homelab-setup.md) - Homelabs are wonderfully educational, but they face pretty much the same threats as real production environments if they are exposed to external traffic. Adding a WAF like SafeLine protects your services.
- [LHB Linux Digest #26.01: New eBPF Course Available Now!](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/26-01.md) - Start the new year with new learnings.
- [Module 9: Where to Go Next with eBPF](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/where-to-go-next.md) - You have learned and practiced the fundamentals. Here's how you should continue your eBPF journey.
- [Module 8: Improving Container Security with eBPF](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/improving-container-security.md) - In this module, you'll see how eBPF extends naturally from observability into container security.
- [Module 7: Network Tracing with eBPF](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/network-tracing.md) - This module focuses on aligning eBPF tracing with how packets actually live and die inside the kernel.
- [Module 6: User Tracing With eBPF](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/user-tracing.md) - Let's move from kernel focused tracing into user space, showing that the same eBPF principles apply once you understand where observability data actually lives.
- [Module 5: Kernel Tracing with BCC and libbpf](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/kernel-tracing-with-bcc-libbpf.md) - What you learned in the previous module, time to practice it with labs.
- [Module 4: Tracing and Observability with eBPF](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/tracing-observability.md) - Learn how tracing and observability work in the eBPF model and why they represent a clear departure from traditional Linux tracing tools.
- [Module 3: Building Modern eBPF With libbpf and CO RE](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/libbpf-co-re.md) - It's time for you to transition from learning eBPF concepts to building eBPF the way it is used in real systems.
- [Module 2: Core eBPF Fundamentals](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/core-ebpf-fundamentals.md) - Learn how eBPF actually works inside the Linux kernel and how high level Python tooling with bcc makes it easy to experiment, trace system calls, and observe real kernel behavior with minimal friction.
- [Module 1: Building the Lab Environment](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf/ebpf-lab-setup.md) - Welcome to the first module of the course. Everything that follows depends on what you build here. If the lab environment is unstable, inconsistent, or poorly understood, every later module will feel confusing for the wrong reasons.
- [Master eBPF with Hands-On Labs](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ebpf.md) - Learn Modern eBPF by Building, Tracing, and Securing Real Linux Systems.
- [Using journalctl vacuum to Clean and Control Logs on Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/journalctl-vacuum.md) - journalctl --vacuum is beneficial for reclaiming disk space, managing log retention policies, and maintaining optimal system performance. Knowing how to control journal logs ensures that disk space is never unexpectedly consumed.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.39: What You Get in 2026 and The Last Chance of 2025](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-39.md) - Ending 2025 on a high note.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.38: Pro Vim Tips, KubeTUI, Wordlists, Screen Command and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-38.md) - Playgrounds, anyone?
- [Using Wordlists for Brute Force Attack in Kali Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/kali-linux-wordlists-brute-force.md) - Kali Linux quietly ships with some of the most practical and battle-tested wordlists you can use as a beginner or professional pentester.
- [Enumerate DNS Records from the Command Line with dnsrecon](https://linuxhandbook.com/enumerate-dns-records-dnsrecon.md) - DNSRecon is more than just another DNS tool; it's a comprehensive reconnaissance platform that adapts to your specific needs.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.37: cgroup and other Namespaces, KubeTUI, xargs command, uncloud and more](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-37.md) - More guides. More hands-on guides.
- [Complete Beginner's Guide to Linux Namespaces](https://linuxhandbook.com/namespaces.md) - Not only will you learn the essential concept of namespaces in Linux, but you will also create a fully isolated environment that behaves like a container.
- [Avoid These 10 Mistakes for an Efficient, Enjoyable, and Safe Homelab](https://linuxhandbook.com/avoid-homelab-mistakes.md) - A successful homelab should not only provide a space for discovering new knowledge and exciting innovations, but also function smoothly and without major obstacles.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.36: 2 New Courses - Terraform (FREE) and Kubernetes, Disk Space Management and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-36.md) - Two new courses!
- [Chapter 12: From Command to Cluster - How Kubernetes Actually Works](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/how-kubernetes-actually-works.md)
- [Chapter 11: Recap the Learning With a Demo](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/recap-learning.md)
- [Chapter 10: Multi-Container Pod](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/multi-container-pod.md)
- [Chapter 9: Storage in Kubernetes](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/storage-kubernetes.md)
- [Chapter 8: Networking in Kubernetes](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/networking.md)
- [Chapter 7: Namespaces and Configuration Types in Kubernetes](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/namespaces-configuration-types.md)
- [Chapter 6: Understanding Labels and Deployments in Depth](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/labels-and-deployments.md)
- [Chapter 5: Deep Dive into Pod Creating and Interaction](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/pod-deep-dive.md)
- [Chapter 4: Working with Pods](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/working-with-pods.md)
- [Chapter 3: Setting Up Kubernetes on Your Local Machine](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/setting-up-kubernetes.md)
- [Chapter 2: What is Kubernetes and Why do we Need it?](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/what-is-kubernetes.md)
- [Chapter 1: Introduction to Kubernetes](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes/kubernetes-intro.md)
- [Mastering Kubernetes as a Beginner](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes.md) - Stop struggling with Kubernetes. Learn it properly with a structured and practical course crafted specially for beginners.
- [Chapter 12: Terraform Best Practices and Standards](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/terraform-best-practices.md) - Time to upgrade from a Terraform user to a Terraform practitioner.
- [Chapter 11: Workspaces, Null Resources, and Lifecycle Rules](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/workspaces.md) - You’ve learned the basics. Now let’s talk about three advanced patterns that separate beginners from practitioners: managing multiple environments elegantly, running actions that aren’t tied to resources, and controlling how Terraform handles resource changes.
- [Chapter 10: Terraform Functions: Your Code’s Swiss Army Knife](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/terraform-functions.md) - Use the function feature to manipulate data, strings, numbers, and collections.
- [Chapter 9: Provisioners and Import](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/provisioners-import.md) - Handle existing infrastructure, migration strategies, provisioners.
- [Chapter 8: Terraform Modules: Building Blocks You Can Reuse Everywhere](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/terraform-modules.md) - Learn how to design, use, and structure modules like real production setups. Reuse isb the key here.
- [Chapter 7: Dynamic Blocks in Terraform](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/dynamic-blocks.md) - Create flexible and advanced configurations using dynamic blocks.
- [Chapter 6: Count, For_Each, and Conditionals](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/conditionals.md) - Dynamic infrastructure with loops, conditional logic, and scalable configuration patterns.
- [Chapter 5: Resources, Data Sources, and Dependencies](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/resources-data-sources-dependencies.md) - Understand how Terraform actually builds infrastructure graphs and manages dependencies.
- [Chapter 4: Terraform State and Providers](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/terraform-state-providers.md) - Dive deep into state files, provider configuration, remote state, and dangers of bad state handling.
- [Chapter 3: Terraform Variables and Locals](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/terraform-variables-locals.md) - Hardcoding values works for demos, not production. Variables make your code flexible. Locals make it DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself).
- [Chapter 2: Getting Started - Your First Steps](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/install-terraform.md) - Ready to jump in? Here’s how to get started with Terraform
- [Chapter 1: Infrastructure as Code - Here We Go](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform/infrastructure-as-code.md) - Before we get to Terraform, let me take you back in time so we understand why Terraform exist at first place.
- [Learn Infrastructure as Code with Terraform](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/terraform.md) - Learn Terraform from scratch with a Linux-first approach. Master Infrastructure as Code concepts, modules, state, best practices, and real-world workflows.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.35: Trap, Network Troubleshooting Tips, Self-host Server Management and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-35.md) - New courses planning like leaves falling.
- [Find Subdomains Fast with OWASP Amass: Don't Miss Hidden Entry Points](https://linuxhandbook.com/owasp-amass.md) - In this lab, you'll practice asset discovery with OWASP Amass. Get a comprehensive list of subdomains you might not have even known existed.
- [Why I Stopped Hating Systemd](https://linuxhandbook.com/dont-hate-systemd.md) - I realize that systemd is more than just an init system, it’s a complete automation framework.
- [Common Networking Issues Every DevOps Engineer Encounters](https://linuxhandbook.com/common-networking-issues.md) - And how you can investigate the incident, diagnose the issue and fix it ultimately.
- [Pentora Box: Pen-Test Practice Labs](https://linuxhandbook.com/pentora-box.md) - Turn tutorials into action. Pick a lab, spin up your environment, step through real-world tools, and challenge yourself without fear. Designed for self-learners, security enthusiasts and budding pentesters.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.34: CNCF Project Hands-on, Better split Command, Local AWS Cloud Stack and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-34.md) - Behold! We have a new, one-of-its-kind but super long guide.
- [A to Z Hands-on Guide to Building and Publishing an Open Source Project to CNCF](https://linuxhandbook.com/cncf-project-guide.md) - A hands-on guide to creating, documenting, and submitting an open source project to the CNCF Landscape.
- [Pen-Testing Lab: Hunting and Exploiting SQL Injection With SQLMap](https://linuxhandbook.com/sql-injection-test-sqlmap.md) - Learn how to find and then exploit SQL injection, test it in a secure environment in this pen-test lab.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.33: Linux Networking Course, Linux Practice Project, Distributed File System and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-33.md) - Linux Networking at Scale course is now available.
- [Module 4: Traffic Shaping and QoS with tc in Real Environments](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/networking-scale/traffic-shaping-qos.md) - This final module introduces the Linux traffic-control subsystem, describes how packets are queued, scheduled, classified and shaped, and shows how to deploy real-world QoS policies.
- [Module 3: Building Overlay Networks with VXLAN and WireGuard](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/networking-scale/vxlan-wireguard.md) - Explore virtualizing entire Layer 2 networks on top of existing Layer 3 infrastructure with two handy open source software.
- [Build an Automated PDF Conversion System](https://linuxhandbook.com/labs/automated-pdf-conversion-system.md) - Build a reliable automated PDF converter using unoconv with Bash script and cron job. Good small project for practicing and enhancing your Linux skills.
- [Automating XSS Hunting with Dalfox [Pen Testing Hands-on]](https://linuxhandbook.com/xss-hunting-dalfox.md) - Learn about using Dalfox for XSS injection on Kali Linux with a demo scan against a safe target. Copy, paste, profit. For lab purposes only.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.32: New Linux Networking Course, iotop, Chargebee Alternative and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-32.md) - Announcing new course: Linux Networking at Scale
- [Module 2: nftables for Complex Rulesets and Performance Optimization](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/networking-scale/nftables.md) - Translate complex network requirements into simple nftables rulesets, automate their deployment, and troubleshoot them confidently, all within the same logic that controls routing and traffic policy.
- [Module 1: Advanced iproute2: Policy Routing, Multiple Routing, and VRFs](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/networking-scale/advanced-iproute2.md) - This first module introduces the core of advanced Linux networking through iproute2. You will learn how to define multiple routing tables, implement policy-based routing, and use VRF to create isolated routing domains.
- [Linux Networking at Scale](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/networking-scale.md) - Master advanced networking on Linux — from policy routing to encrypted overlays.
- [Monitoring I/O Usage and Network Traffic in Linux With iotop & ntopng](https://linuxhandbook.com/iotop-ntopng.md) - iotop and ntopng are two powerful free/open-source tools that can help you monitor, analyze, and troubleshoot critical subsystems on your Linux machine.
- [PenTesting 101: Using TheHarvester for OSINT and Reconnaissance](https://linuxhandbook.com/using-theharvester.md) - Gather intelligence about your target website with TheHarvester in this pen-testing practice tutorial.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.31: syslog guide, snippet manager, screen command more](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-31.md) - Happy Linux-ing!
- [How to Fingerprint Websites With WhatWeb - A Practical, Hands-On Guide](https://linuxhandbook.com/whatweb-fingerprint-websites.md) - Another one of our simple, hands-on pen-testing tutorials. This one teaches you to finger a website for status code, server info, CMS etc.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.30: New Systemd Automation Course, LoggiFly, Docker Storage and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-30.md) - New systemd course is here 🎊
- [Module 6: Debugging Automated Services](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/debugging-automated-services.md) - Systemd has debugging and monitoring built into its design with features like state inspection, structured logs, dependency analysis, restart and watchdog policies, timer management, and failure hooks.
- [Module 5: Sandboxing Systemd Directives for Safer Automation](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/sandboxing-systemd-directives.md) - Learn how systemd’s sandboxing directives can transform automation from a potential liability into a controlled and resilient practice.
- [Module 4: Automated Resource Management With Systemd](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/resource-management.md) - Learn how systemd can automate resource management through examples ranging from containerized log processors to long-running database services.
- [Module 3: Systemd-nspawn and Machinectl for Repeatable Environments](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/systemd-nspawn-machinectl.md) - This module introduces systemd-nspawn as a tool for creating and running containers, and machinectl as its companion for management and automation.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.29: Git for DevOps eBook, getfacl, Crontab Recovery and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-29.md) - New week, new ebook!
- [Module 2: Automating Complex Workflows with Targets](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/automating-workflows-targets.md) - Mastering targets enables you to automate multi-service stacks, implement operational modes such as maintenance or batch processing, and ensure consistent, reproducible system behavior.
- [Simulating and Detecting Malware Attacks on Linux With ClamAV](https://linuxhandbook.com/detecting-malware-attacks-clamav.md) - A simple exercise to simulate malware detection on Linux systems with ClamAV open-source antivirus engine.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.28: New Git For DevOps Course, Emacs Guide, Self-hosted Cloud Storage and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-28.md) - New week, new course!
- [Chapter 10: Explore Remote Repositories With GitHub](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/remote-repositories-git.md) - After we learn how Git works and do all the work locally, it’s time to take our work to the internet and show it to other people to contribute and make changes to our projects.
- [Chapter 9: Git Merge and Resolve Conflicts](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-merge-conflicts.md) - When you collaborate, there are bound to be conflicts. Let's see how you can handle branch merging and resolve conflicts.
- [Chapter 8: Branching](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-branching.md) - Branches make collaboration easier and more streamlined.
- [Chapter 7: Press the Undo Button](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/undo-in-git.md) - Only, there is no simple undo button. However, you can employ a few mechanisms to restore things to as they were before.
- [Chapter 6: Commits and Diff](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-commits-diff.md) - Learn to see what changed between commits.
- [Chapter 5: Recreating Git’s Init Process](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-init-process.md) - What makes a valid git repo?
- [Chapter 4: Staging Files and Creating First Commit](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/first-commit.md) - Don't be afraid of the commitment...in Git.
- [Chapter 3: Installing and Configuring Git](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/configuring-git.md) - To get started with Git, you need to install and configure it first. It still doesn't come installed by default.
- [Chapter 2: Git Architecture](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-architecture.md) - Understand the basic Git architecture and it will help you understand how Git works.
- [Chapter 1: Git as a Version Control System](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git-for-devops/git-version-control-system.md) - Let’s take the problem from the beginning to understand why we even need something like Git and GitHub.
- [Git for DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/git.md) - Gain the right knowledge. Learn the core principles of Git instead of jumping straight into git commands.
- [Module 1: Timers and Automated Task Scheduling in Systemd](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation/timers.md) - Welcome to the first module of our micro course on advance automation with systemd. Here, we focus on systemd timers, the building blocks of reliable, scheduled task execution on modern Linux systems.
- [Advanced Automation with systemd](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-automation.md) - Take Your Linux Automation Beyond Cron
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.27: zswap vs zram, subfinder, kubectl logs, systemd-inhibit and More Linux Stuff](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-27.md) - Two more courses in progress.
- [Finding Subdomains with Subfinder in Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/finding-subdomains-subfinder.md) - Checking subdomains of a website provides new scopes for vulnerability assessment.
- [Exploring Ansible Modules](https://linuxhandbook.com/ansible-modules.md) - Learn all about modules in Ansible. What are modules, why, and how are they used? How you can use them to improve your Ansible workflow.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.26: tcpdump for cookie capture, GUI for Podman, diff command mastery and more](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-26.md) - Your Friday Dose of Linux + DevOps Goodness
- [Use tcpdump to Monitor HTTP Traffic and Extract Sensitive Data like Password and Cookies](https://linuxhandbook.com/tcpdump-http-traffic-analysis.md) - A hands-on tutorial you can follow to analyze http traffic for sensitive data such as cookies and passwords.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.25: tmux, ripgrep, Intro to Linux Command Line, Redis Alternative and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-25.md) - RIP Grep
- [Learn Bash Quickly](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks/learn-bash-quickly.md) - Get started with the bash shell scripting with this hands-on ebook.
- [Learn Ansible Quickly](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks/learn-ansible-quickly.md) - Master all Ansible automation skills required to pass EX294 exam and become a Red Hat Certified Engineer.
- [Learn Docker Quickly](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks/learn-docker-quickly.md) - By the end of this book, you’ll have a solid foundation in Docker, enabling you to build, run, and manage containerized applications with ease.
- [Learn Linux Quickly](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks/learn-linux-quickly.md) - Not a textbook or reference manual. This book lets you learn bit-by-bit as questions arise. Excellent for users who have questions about the manuals, help files, or community forums.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.24: Learning Corners, apropos, Proxmox Monitoring, Handling Huge Log with Docker](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-24.md) - More organized learning with the learning corners.
- [Single Docker Container Generated 20 GB of Log. Here's How I Reclaimed Disk Space](https://linuxhandbook.com/docker-log-space-issue.md) - Docker container generating GBs of logs? Reclaim the disk space by putting in a log rotate policy for your docker containers.
- [Check Logs from Previous Boot With Journalctl](https://linuxhandbook.com/journalctl-boot-logs.md) - Learn to analyze logs from specific boot entries. This helps you focus on the issues you encountered either at boot time or in a specific boot session.
- [Rethinking DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/rethinking-devops.md) - An unusual series. Here's a theoretical approach to a new model you can adopt that simplifies how those DevOps tools we talk about can be made and managed by the DevOps community.
- [Getting Started With Tmux](https://linuxhandbook.com/tmux.md) - tmux is an excellent productivity tool for pro Linux users who love the terminal. It certainly has a learning curve involved though.
- [Using Git](https://linuxhandbook.com/using-git.md) - The defacto version control system no one can ignore. Start learning Git, one tutorial a time.
- [Learn Zsh](https://linuxhandbook.com/learn-zsh.md) - Start learning Zsh, one tutorial at a time.
- [Start Learning Vim](https://linuxhandbook.com/learn-vim.md) - Start learning Vim by following these Vim tips for beginners and advanced users.
- [Getting Started With Nano Editor](https://linuxhandbook.com/learn-nano.md) - Learn all the essentials of editing text files in the Linux terminal with the beginner-friendly Nano editor.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.23: Redesigned Courses, Time commands, Self-host knowledge base and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-23.md) - New look, same old passion for Linux.
- [Use Proxmox for Virtual Machines](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/proxmox.md) - A mini-course that covers everything from installing and upgrading Proxmox to using it for creating and managing VMs.
- [Container Management With Podman](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/podman.md) - Podman is the Docker alternative from Red Hat. It is similar to Docker. You can easily start using it if you know Docker already.
- [Learn Firewalld: Manage Linux Firewall with firewall-cmd](https://linuxhandbook.com/firewalld.md) - Master Linux firewalld with our tutorial series. Learn firewall basics, open ports, list rules, enable logs, and manage firewall with firewall-cmd.
- [Mastering AWK as a Linux System Administrator](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/awk.md) - Transform from basic text processing to advanced data manipulation in this hands-on series.
- [Linux for DevOps: Essential Linux Knowledge for Cloud and DevOps Engineer](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/linux.md) - Learn the essential concepts, command-line operations, and system administration tasks that form the backbone of Linux in the DevOps world.
- [Bash Scripting](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/bash.md) - Get started with Bash Shell script learning with practical examples. Also test your learning with practice exercises.
- [The systemd Playbook: Learn by Doing](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/systemd-playbook.md) - Master systemd the practical way—one lab at a time.
- [Kubernetes Operator](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/kubernetes-operator.md) - Dive deep into the world of Operators and learn how to effortlessly manage and scale your containerized applications. This is hands-on course and you'll learn with a practical usecase scenario.
- [Quick Introduction to Linux Command Line](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/command-line-basics.md) - Learn the basics of Linux commands in this short introductory course. Also contains videos.
- [SSH Fundamentals](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ssh.md) - Learn how to communicate between a remote Linux server and your local operating systems (Windows, Linux or macOS) using SSH.
- [RHCE Ansible EX294 Exam Preparation Course](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/ansible.md) - Learn all the essentials of Ansible with this hands-on tutorial series. It is ideal for RHCE Ansible EX294 exam preparation.
- [Learn Docker: Complete Beginner's Course](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/docker.md) - Covers all the essentials of the Docker. Perfect for anyone who wants to get started with Docker containerization. The course goes in the hands-on mode by showing examples of what you'll be doing instead of dwelling in theory.
- [File Management Commands in Linux](https://linuxhandbook.com/file-management-commands.md) - Once you have a little bit of idea about the terminal, Linux command structure, path and directory hierarchy system, you should know about handling files in Linux. As a Linux user, you have to deal with all kinds of files and all kinds of file operations. You should know how to display the contents…
- [Introduction to Flatpak](https://linuxhandbook.com/flatpak.md) - The universal packaging system from Fedora is popular among developers and desktop Linux users.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.22: New Linux Book, Portable File Server, Docker Compose with Host Config and More](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-22.md) - The new ebook is available now.
- [Linux Command Nuggets](https://linuxhandbook.com/ebooks/linux-command-nuggets.md) - Master powerful Linux command-line tips in minutes, not hours. Say goodbye to endless Googling and hello to a faster, smarter terminal workflow.
- [Chapter 8: User-Defined Functions in AWK](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/awk/awk-functions.md) - Stop repeating; start reusing. Create your functions for repetitive tasks in AWK scripts.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.21: firewalld, fail2ban, find command, self-hosted file management](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-21.md) - A-W-S
- [Filter journalctl Logs by Service](https://linuxhandbook.com/journalctl-service-logs.md) - Learn to use -u flag, find service names, combine filters, and troubleshoot effectively by finding journal logs for specific services.
- [LHB Linux Digest #25.20: Journalctl Logs, Semgrep, lsattr, chattr and More Linux Stuff](https://linuxhandbook.com/newsletter/25-20.md) - Gear up for more Linux educational material.
- [Chapter 7: Control Flow With Loops](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/awk/awk-loops.md) - Let's iterate through the loops.

## Optional
- [RSS Feed](https://linuxhandbook.com/courses/rss/)
- [Sitemap](https://linuxhandbook.com/sitemap.xml)
- [Full content of pages and posts](https://linuxhandbook.com/llms-full.txt)